A rare Rurtanian find

Nearly 10 years into my Ruritanian research, I have discovered a map!

I found it in a scan of the first two chapters of a French edition of 'Rupert of Hentzau', but the annotations are all in English. It seems that the map was produced for use in one of the English editions but was then used for the French edition.

There is a small amount of information available, along with some illustrations from the various books, at the Ruritanian Resistance website. I visited this several times many years ago (it's one of the sites in the Links section in the bottom left) but I've never come across the map before. However, it is there (a colourised version). Perhaps it has been added fairly recently, or maybe I just never noticed it.

According to the info from the Ruritanian Resistance, it seems to be a map from 1923, prepared for the Grosset & Dunlap edition of 'Prisoner...'.  I haven't been able to find out anything about Howard Ince yet, nor have I been able to decipher whatever is written under the signature.

Illustration by Howard Ince, possibly 1923

The text is not so easy to read, so I have transcribed it:

Reference to Plan

I The Old Castle
II The Keep
III The Chateau
A The Moat
B The Drawbridge
C Gateway where de Gautet was Killed
D Stair to the King’s Cell
E Guard-room
F The King’s Cell
G Jacob’s Ladder
H Hall of the Chateau
K Door which Johann was to open
L Black Michael’s Apartment
M Apartment of M. de Maubin
N Window from which Hentzau leaped into the Moat
O Tree to which the rope was made fast
P Road to Tarlenheim
Q The Avenue

The map is the first I have come across for the Castle of Zenda, and doesn't make me feel so bad about my own attempts to map it. These are my sketches of the castle. I have left the drawings pretty much as is but changed my captions. I think my representations of trees are clear enough, but there is no way I would make anyone try to read my handwriting.

Preliminary sketch

Second more detailed sketch: The boxed area around the tree (on the 'southern' bank) required moving to the west, as being on the opposite side to the drawbridge

Upper and lower floors of the 'King's Cell' area, The door closest to the drawbridge in the first sketch is the same door as is shown in the second. Originally these were positioned to the south side but I realised that they needed to be on the right-hand side when looking from the new to the old portions of the castle.

Inset of chateau in second sketch

Apart from the fact that I have assumed that the avenue approaches the castle from the east (it is described as looping around the hill but no starting point is given), my sketches I think show the basics: there is an island in the moat, the castle is in three parts, there is an broad avenue and so on.

Composite sketch, mostly rotated through
90 degrees, annotated using Ince's key.

One thing I notice that I did do from the first to the second sketch of the whole castle was change the relationship of the 'Keep' and the 'Ruins/Another Portion'. This is probably an error, and in the second sketch the area marked 'Keep' is probably the 'Ruins' from the first. However, this part cannot be too ruined as the guardroom is above the King's Cell, and so on.

I have tried to rationalise all of the sketches into a single plan, and because I can, I've annotated it using Ince's key. The only thing that he has included that I do not is the window from which Rupert jumped in the moat. My 'Black Micheal's Apartments' and 'Mme. de Maubin's Apartments', however, are not shown on the ground-plan as they are on the first floor, which is why I've marked their locations (thus).

I shall of course, from now on, use Ince's map. Mine were only intended to help me visualise the place.

Researching the fictional far-right in 1930s Britain...

This is my 100th post on this blog. Hurrah.

Now, I really don't want this blog to just be about fascist groups, but people write about them more than communists.

One thing I have been doing is watching 'Endeavour', the prequel series to 'Inspector Morse' and 'Lewis'. These I have found fascinating.

In an episode I saw earlier this year concerned, in part, an aristocratic family who had been Fascist sympathisers in the '30s, and included one of the police officers telling another character that her husband

'...should have hanged with Spode, Webley and the rest of them'.

As well as our old friend Roderick Spode, 'Webley' is surely a reference to Everard Webley, leader of the Brotherhood of British Freemen, a proto-fascist group from 'Point-Counterpoint' by Aldous Huxley (as mentioned in a post from 18 months ago, which co-incidentally also mentions this very episode of Endeavour). The aristocratic family (part of it at least, the family relationships are complicated) was called 'Creighton-Ward' - the name of Lady Penelope from the Thunderbirds, though the lady in question's title is 'Lady Bayswater'. I shall have to watch the episode again to find the name of her husband, and whether he died recently or some time ago. Anyway, I shall refer to him as 'Lord Bayswater' until I find out any different.

The murder that sparks the police investigation had been committed at an Army base - that of the fictional South Oxfordshire (Light Infantry?) Regiment. While at the regimental HQ, Morse is involved in a conversation about regimental history when mention is made of '...the boy who saved the Colours at M'boto Gorge'. As every fan of Blackadder knows, the engagement at M'boto Gorge was fought c.1892, probably in West Africa, and included (as well as the South Oxfordshire Regiment featured in the episode) the 19/45th East African Rifles, which is Edmund Blackadder's former regiment, along with General Haig (who was presumably at that point a Lieutenant or Captain). There is reference in Blackadder to an attack with 'a particularly vicious piece of mango'. Haig at this point was a cavalry officer, which implies that along with regular and colonial infantry, some cavalry was also present.

This is one of the most astonishing things about 'Endeavour' - the depth and background that go into the writing and world-creation are the equal of anything we do as world-creators.

Anyway, this got me thinking about Mosley analogues, so I went to the Oswald Mosley wiki-page to see if I could find more.

From the wiki entry on Mosley (which also lists both Spode and Webley as fictional characters inspired by Mosley, though as Point-Counterpoint was published in 1928, before Mosley turned to Fascism, it is not in fact likely that he was the model for Webley):

"... In H. G. Wells's 1939 novel The Holy Terror, a Mosley-like character called Lord Horatio Bohun is the leader of an organisation called the Popular Socialist Party. The character is principally motivated by vanity and is removed from leadership and sent packing to Argentina...

In the 1993 The Remains of the Day film the character of Sir Geoffrey Wren is based loosely on that of Sir Oswald Mosley..."

So there seem to be three other fascist leaders of the 1920s-'30s. More names to flesh out the list of 'Spode, Webley and the rest of them'?

'Lord Horatio Bohun' has little information about him. 'The Holy Terror' follows the life of one Rud Whitlow, and seems to go from Wells' recent past (presumably around 1910) to the near future (perhaps around 1955). Bohun at any rate is the founder and leader of the Popular Socialist Party: he is successfully challenged for control of the party by Whitlow and his associates in 'The Group', who are the main characters of the novel. Presumably, this is around 1940. The post-1938 portions of the novel may then be regarded as merely plans or musings on the possibility of taking over the world, and perhaps Bohun is not sent to Argentina at all...

I can only find reference to 'Sir Geoffrey Wren' listed in the information on the film version of 'The Remains of the Day', rather than the book itself. All I know is that he attended at least one of Lord Darlington's parties and praised Nazi Germany's Racial Purity Laws, leading to the dismissal of two women from Lord Darlington's employ - they were German-Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. So, presumably some time after the Nazis began implementing the Racial Purity Laws, which were really put into effect from the Summer of 1936 onwards. Wren was also a vegetarian. However, Lord Darlington himself is also somewhat sympathetic to the Nazis (in both book and film - the incident of the dismissal of the German-Jewish women occurs in both). Like the husband of Lady Bayswater, Lord Darlington survives the war; 'The Remains of the Day' is a kind of memoir of Lord Darlington's butler from the viewpoint of the late 1950s, after Lord Darlington's recent death.

So these two references, combined with the information from 'Endeavour', allow a certain amount of speculation as to the fates of various Fascist leaders of the '20s and '30s.

Roderick Spode - The Saviours of Britain (The Blackshorts) - hanged c. 1943
Everard Welby - The Brotherhood of British Freemen (The Greenshirts) - hanged c. 1943
Lord Horatio Bohun - Popular Socialist Party - hanged c. 1943? Or exiled to Argentina c. 1939?
Rud Whitlow - Popular Socialist Party, 'The Group' - fate unknown, possibly hanged c. 1943?
Sir Geoffrey Wren - organisation unknown - hanged c. 1943?
Lord Darlington - organisation unknown - died c. 1955.
Lord Bayswater - organisation unknown - died before 1967.

These snippets then can be the framework on which the 'British League of Fascists' can take shape. If the Greenshirts, the Blackshorts and the Popular Socialist Party came together around 1936 (perhaps it is Bohun's refusal to do this that leads to some younger and more ideologically-committed members of his party, organised as 'The Group', to oust him from the leadership) then this could indeed be the 'British League of Fascists'.